Prognostic Value of Frequent Exacerbations in Bronchiectasis: The Relationship With Disease Severity / Valor pronóstico de las exacerbaciones en las bronquiectasias: relación con la gravedad de la enfermedad

Introduction: Bronchiectasis is a very heterogeneous disease but some homogeneous groups with similar clinical characteristics and prognosis have been identified. Exacerbations have been shown to have a negative impact on the natural history of bronchiectasis. The objective of this study was to identify the definition and characteristics of the "frequent exacerbator patient" with the best prognostic value and its relationship with the severity of bronchiectasis.Methods : A historical cohort of 651 patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis was included. They had all received 5 years of follow-up since their radiological diagnosis. Exacerbation was defined as a worsening of the symptoms derived from bronchiectasis that required antibiotic treatment. The main outcome was all-cause mortality at the end of follow-up. Results: The mean age was 48.2 (16) years (32.9% males). 39.8% had chronic infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mean BSI, FACED, and E-FACED were 7 (4.12), 2.36 (1.68), and 2.89 (2.03), respectively. There were 95 deaths during follow-up. The definition of the "frequent exacerbator patient" that presented the greatest predictive power for mortality was based on at least two exacerbations/year or one hospitalization/year (23.3% of patients; AUC-ROC: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.69-0.81]). Its predictive power was independent of the patient's initial severity. The clinical characteristics of the frequent exacerbator patient according to this definition varied according to the initial severity of bronchiectasis, presence of systemic inflammation, and treatment. Conclusions: The combination of two exacerbations or one hospitalization per year is the definition of frequent exacerbator patient that has the best predictive value of mortality independent of the initial severi

Las bronquiectasias son una enfermedad muy heterogénea en la que se han identificado algunos grupos homogéneos con características clínicas y pronóstico similares. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer la definición y características del "paciente exacerbador frecuente" que presenta mejor valor pronóstico y su relación con la gravedad de las bronquiectasias. Métodos: Se analizó una cohorte histórica de 651 pacientes diagnosticados de bronquiectasias. Se siguió a todos ellos durante cinco años desde su diagnóstico radiológico. La exacerbación se definió como un empeoramiento de los síntomas de las bronquiectasias para el que se requiera tratamiento antibiótico. El principal resultado analizado fue la mortalidad por todas las causas al final del seguimiento. Resultados: La edad media fue 48,2 (16) años (39,2% de hombres). El 38,9% tuvo infección por Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Los valores medios de BSI, FACED y E-FACED fueron 7 (4,12), 2,36 (1,68) y 2,89 (2,03), respectivamente. Hubo 96 muertes durante el seguimiento. La definición de "paciente exacerbador frecuente" que presentó el mayor valor predictivo para la mortalidad incluía la aparición de al menos dos exacerbaciones/año o un ingreso hospitalario/año (23.3% de los pacientes; AUC-ROC:0.75 [IC 95%: 0.69-0.81]). Su valor predictivo fue independiente de la gravedad inicial del paciente. Las características clínicas del "paciente exacerbador frecuente", de acuerdo con esta definición, variaron según la gravedad inicial de la bronquiectasia, la presencia de inflamación sistémica y el tratamiento. Conclusiones: La combinación de dos exacerbaciones o un ingreso hospitalario al año constituye la mejor definición de "paciente exacerbador frecuente" con mayor valor predictivo para la mortalidad, independientemente de la gravedad inicial de las bronquiectasias

Prognostic Value of Frequent Exacerbations in Bronchiectasis: The Relationship With Disease Severity.

INTRODUCTION: Bronchiectasis is a very heterogeneous disease but some homogeneous groups with similar clinical characteristics and prognosis have been identified. Exacerbations have been shown to have a negative impact on the natural history of bronchiectasis. The objective of this study was to identify the definition and characteristics of the "frequent exacerbator patient" with the best prognostic value and its relationship with the severity of bronchiectasis. METHODS: A historical cohort of 651 patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis was included. They had all received 5 years of follow-up since their radiological diagnosis. Exacerbation was defined as a worsening of the symptoms derived from bronchiectasis that required antibiotic treatment. The main outcome was all-cause mortality at the end of follow-up. RESULTS: The mean age was 48.2 (16) years (32.9% males). 39.8% had chronic infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mean BSI, FACED, and E-FACED were 7 (4.12), 2.36 (1.68), and 2.89 (2.03), respectively. There were 95 deaths during follow-up. The definition of the "frequent exacerbator patient" that presented the greatest predictive power for mortality was based on at least two exacerbations/year or one hospitalization/year (23.3% of patients; AUC-ROC: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.69-0.81]). Its predictive power was independent of the patient's initial severity. The clinical characteristics of the frequent exacerbator patient according to this definition varied according to the initial severity of bronchiectasis, presence of systemic inflammation, and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of two exacerbations or one hospitalization per year is the definition of frequent exacerbator patient that has the best predictive value of mortality independent of the initial severity of bronchiectasis.

Biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo em fumantes crônicos e em portadores de insuficiência respiratória crônica (IResC) durante oxigenoterapia domiciliar prolongada (ODP) / Biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with chronic respiratory insuficiency (CResI) during long term oxigen therapy (LTOT)

Objetivo: Este trabalho consistiu em avaliar biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo em portadores de insuficiência respiratória crônica (IResC) em três momentos: antes, após 7 e ao longo de 270 dias de oxigenoterapia domiciliar prolongada (ODP). Métodos: Foram medidas as atividades das enzimas catalase (CAT) e glutationa redutase (GR) no hemolisado, as concentrações de hemoglobina, lactato e ácido úrico (AU) no sangue total e as concentrações de grupamentos sulfidrilas totais (GST) e proteínas carboniladas (PC) no plasma desses pacientes por método espectrofotométrico. A saturação de oxigênio (SpO2) no sangue foi medida através de oxímetro de pulso. Comparamos, num primeiro momento indivíduos fumantes com pacientes com IResC e ambos com o grupo-controle, de não fumantes. Resultados: Observou-se que, embora os dois grupos possuam níveis aumentados de estresse oxidativo, este foi muito maior no grupo IResC, representado principalmente pela diminuição nas atividades das enzimas CAT, GR e concentração plasmática de GST. Após sete dias de tratamento com oxigênio houve um aumento na SpO2 (P < 0,05), CAT, GR e AU (P < 0,05). Por outro lado, a concentração de GST se manteve diminuída nesse período (P < 0,05). Os dados referentes aos pacientes submetidos a ODP ao longo de 270 dias mostraram que somente a atividade da GR se apresentou significativamente diminuída nesse período (P < 0.05). Conclusão: A hipoxemia crônica produz efeitos prejudiciais que não são revertidos com a administração prolongada de oxigênio, que não é capaz, portanto, de impedir a evolução clínica da doença...